Nefrectomía laparoscópica

Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, involves using a camera and specialized instruments to perform surgical procedures inside the body. Here’s an overview of the process:

1. Camera Utilization: A camera is employed during laparoscopic surgery, providing real-time imaging inside the body. Typically, a small incision is made in the abdominal skin through which the camera is inserted. Additional incisions are made to introduce laparoscopic instruments into the body.

2. Laparoscopic Port Sites: These incisions are referred to as laparoscopic port sites. Trocars, specialized instruments, facilitate entry and exit into the body through these ports. The camera and working tools are passed through these fixed thin tubes.

3. Positioning and Operation: The surgical area is determined beforehand through imaging techniques like tomography. Proper positioning of the patient is crucial, and specific positions are adopted based on the type of surgery. Once positioned correctly, the camera and working instruments are inserted into the body. Organs are dissected and surgeries are performed similar to open surgery.

4. Abdominal Inflation: To obtain a clear view inside the abdomen, the abdominal cavity is inflated with gas, usually carbon dioxide. This inflation creates space for the surgical procedure.

5. Surgical Team and Visualization: Typically, two surgeons work together – one handling the camera and the other performing the procedure. Occasionally, a third surgeon may assist. The laparoscopic surgeon’s view, displayed on a screen, is visible to the entire surgical team, providing a detailed image about ten to fifteen times larger than normal organs.

6. Number of Incisions: Laparoscopic surgery usually involves 3 or more holes. The camera is inserted through one of these ports, while surgical instruments enter through others. These smaller incisions result in smaller scars compared to traditional open surgeries.

Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery:

• Improved cosmetic appearance due to smaller incisions and reduced scarring.
• Reduced post-operative pain compared to open surgery, leading to higher comfort levels for the patient.
• Quicker recovery and shorter hospital stays.

Disadvantages:

• Steeper learning curve and longer training required for surgeons compared to open surgery.
• Limitation in using the surgeon’s hand, relying solely on operating instruments during laparoscopy.

The most significant advantages include better cosmetic results, reduced post-operative pain, quicker recovery, and shorter hospital stays, while the most notable disadvantage is the extensive training needed for surgeons to master laparoscopic techniques.

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